1) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

2) The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war during the Cold War.

3) The global economy has experienced fluctuations and challenges, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses, supply chains, and employment, as well as efforts to address income inequality and promote sustainable economic growth.

4) J.K. Rowling's "Harry Potter" series of books has sold over 500 million copies worldwide and has been translated into 80 languages.